(新人教选修B3U2 Healthy lifestyle; 新外研选修B2U1Growing up;)
新人教选修B3U2Unit Two Healthy Lifestyle
Reading and Thinking
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
健康的生活方式需养成的习惯
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。然而，在这一时期，他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如，一些青少年可能吸烟成瘾或酗酒，造成身心健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: "We are what we repeatedly do. " In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work
改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝试。有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言:“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。”从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后，这项选择就变得自然而然，成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。
According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the "habit cycle", which works like this：根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理如下:
lFirstly， there is a “cue” , an action， event，or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
第一是“触发因素”，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。
lSecondly, there is a "routine", the regular action you take in response to the cue.
第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
lThirdly, there is the "reward", the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine) which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed
例如，当我们感到不高兴时(触发因素)，我们会吃很多不健康零食(惯常行为)，这让我们感到快乐(回报)。这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这不良习惯
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine) which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变，我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环，然后尝试去改变它们。为了做到这一点，我们可以把来自我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时(触发因素)，我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐(惯常行为)，而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松(回报)。除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候(触发因素)，我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说:“千里之行，始于足下。” 一步似乎很小，却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地出许多小步。毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。
For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而，能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在;你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活!
Using Language
Write a letter to the editor about your lifestyle.
Dear Editor尊敬的编辑
After I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices, I realised I hardly ever felt well, either physically or mentally often felt sleepy and dizzy, and lacked passion. Most worrying, though, I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches, too
参加了你们举办的有关健康和生活方式选择的夏令营之后，我意识到我几乎从来没有感觉好过，无论在身体上还是心理上。我经常感到昏昏欲睡和头晕目眩。不过最令人担忧的是，我很容易得流感，而且经常牙痛
At the end of the camp I heard, "Change the world by changing yourself. " This stimulated my motivation. A dentist once examined me and told me that too much sugar in my meals had damaged my teeth and health. I made up my mind to change two things in my life: to eat nothing with sugar and to exercise regularly
在夏令营尾声，我听到“改变世界，从改变自己做起”这句话，这激发了我的动力。有次，牙医给我做检查时告诉我，我的三餐摄入了过量糖分，损害了我的牙齿和健康。我下定决心改变我生活中的两件事:不吃含糖的任何东西，定期锻炼身体。
After that I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks that I used to have every day. Whenever I went out with friends, brought snacks from home, things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc.
此后，我不再买我过去每天都要吃的糖果、饼干和含糖饮料。每次和朋友们出去时，我都会从家里带零食，也就是没有添加任何糖分的东西:水果、坚果、肉干等。
My exercise was very simple: I went outside every day for at least 30 minutes and did something active. Sometimes I played table tennis or badminton with my cousins. Other times I jumped on my skateboard and rode around my neighbourhood, or just took a long walk
我的锻炼很简单:我每天在室外积极活动至少30分钟。有时，我会和堂(表)亲打乒乓球或羽毛球;有时，我会跳上滑板，在街区滑行，或是长时间散步。
The results have been fantastic. I feel more dynamic and stronger than ever, in both body and mind. I sleep soundly at night now. I no longer suffer from a flu virus or toothaches either. Best of all, in my opinion, is how I feel about myself. I feel like I'm in control of my own life. To make choices about myself is within my own power. I CAN change myself. I just need to try.
结果棒极了。在身心上，我感觉比以往任何时候都更有活力、更加强壮。现在，夜里我能酣然入睡。我也不再受流感病毒或牙痛的折磨。我认为，最棒的是我对自己的感觉。我感到我能掌控自己的生活。为自己作出选择是我力所能及的。我能够改变自己。我只需去尝试。
Yours truly,
此致
敬礼!
Wang Lu
王璐
Dear Editor尊敬的编辑:
As I took part in the summer camp about personal life choices, I started to analyse my choices, especially what I did to relax and how it was affecting my whole life.
自从参加了有关个人生活选择的夏令营后，我开始分析自己的选择，尤其是我做了些什么来放松自己，以及它是如何影响我的整个生活的。
After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night. Playing was fun, but I felt even more worn out afterwards! So after the camp, I realised that it was very, very important to adjust my lifestyle. I decided to take control of my life and find other ways to relax.
高中开始后，我感到压力重重，总是通过玩电脑游戏来放松自己。我十分着迷，没日没夜地打游戏。打游戏很好玩，但过后我却感到更加疲惫不堪!因此，夏令营之后，我意识到调整自己的生活方式是非常重要的。我决定掌控自己的生活，寻找其他的放松方式。
It was a big struggle not to join my friends in playing online games as I'm mad for them. However, I realised that to succeed in quitting, I had to replace it with something else. So I thought about what to try. Rock climbing, bowling, watching comedies, and playing basketball were the things I thought of doing instead.
不和我的朋友们一起玩网络游戏是一件十分困难的事情，因为我痴迷其中。不过我意识到要想成功戒瘾，我必须用别的东西来取代它。于是，我思考该尝试些什么。攀岩、打保龄球、看喜剧片、打篮球都是我考虑过的取而代之的事情。
Now my dad and I go rock climbing together monthly! It has enhanced the quality of my life, improving my health and increasing my happiness. I get refreshed through climbing, spend more time with my dad, and get to meet new friends.
现在，爸爸每个月与我结伴去攀岩。这改善了我的健康，增加了我的幸福感，(从而)提高了我的生活品质。禁岩使我精神焕发，与爸爸共度了更多的时光，而且结交了新的朋友。
After six months of trying out new ways of relaxing, I feel much more energetic. I feel that I can change myself for the better. And if that's true for me, then it might truly be possible to change the world for the better. As Gandhi said “Be the change you want to see in the world.”
尝试新的放松方式六个月后，我感到精力充沛多了。我感觉我可以让自己变得更好。如果这对我来说是真的，那么也许真的有可能让世界变得更加美好。正如甘地所说:“欲变世界，先变其身。”
Sincerely,
此致
敬礼!
George Fielding
乔治・菲尔丁
Reading and Writing
MY EXPERIENCES WITH COMPUTER GAMES
我的电脑游戏经历
I clearly remember the first time I played a computer game. I was seven years old. My friend had gotten a computer for his birthday. He invited me to play a game, which was very simple by today’s standards, but we loved it! We played for hours. We would meet after school every day to play it. My addiction to computer games started then. Not long after that, my friend moved to the city. I missed him, but got my own computer and began playing by myself
我清楚地记得我第一次玩电脑游戏的情景。那时我七岁。我的朋友在生日时得到了一台电脑。他邀请我玩一个游戏，以今天的标准来看，这个游戏非常简单，但我们很喜欢！我们玩了几个小时。我们每天放学后都会聚在一起玩。我对电脑游戏的瘾就是从那时开始的。不久之后，我的朋友搬到了城里。我很想他，但我有了自己的电脑，开始自己玩。
Over the years, computer games developed rapidly. Technology improved, and there were always new and better games to play. You could then play games over the Internet with people from all over the world, using either computers or smartphones. The online games were fascinating and it was always exciting to play.
多年来，电脑游戏发展迅速。技术进步了，总是有新的更好的游戏可以玩。那时，你可以通过互联网与来自世界各地的人一起玩游戏，使用电脑或智能手机。网上的游戏很吸引人，玩起来总是很刺激。
At first, I played games over the Internet after I had done my homework and eaten dinner. Then I started playing as soon as I got home each day, My parents stopped me, so I started playing it in the middle of the night. I went to school and often fell asleep in class. My teacher would scold me but I would often do the same thing the next day! Shortly after that, I began to skip meals and play through the night. My parents found out and took away my computer and smartphone. I knew I had gone too far. My love of computer games had become an addiction. It was affecting my schoolwork and my health, and I felt quite depressed
起初，我是在做完作业和吃完饭后才在网上玩游戏。后来，我每天一回家就开始玩，爸爸妈妈阻止了我，于是我就在半夜开始玩。我去上学，经常在课堂上睡着了。老师会责骂我，但第二天我还是这样做同样的事情!在那之后不久，我开始不吃饭，整晚玩游戏。！父母发现后，把我的电脑和智能手机都拿走了。我知道自己做得太过分了。我对电脑游戏的热爱已经成瘾。影响了我的功课和健康，我觉得很沮丧.
Then one day I bumped into my friend again! He had moved back to our hometown. We hadn't seen each other for ages. He looked happy and healthy. We talked about the past and the good times we had, playing that old game. He still played computer games, but he also did many other things. He invited me to play basketball with some friends. I got tired quickly, but I loved it! Afterwards, we played a board game. We laughed and talked and played for hours. It was very sociable and great fun. Playing games with my friends in real life was much more enjoyable than doing so online.
后来有一天，我又碰到了我的朋友! 他已经搬回了我们的家乡。我们已经很久没有见面了。他看起来很开心，很健康。我们聊起了过去，聊起了我们的美好时光，玩起了那个老游戏。他还是玩电脑游戏，但他也做了很多其他的事情。他邀请我和一些朋友打篮球。我很快就累了，但我很喜欢。之后，我们玩了一个棋牌游戏。我们笑着说话，玩了好几个小时。这是一个非常有趣的社交活动。在现实生活中和我的朋友玩游戏比在网上玩游戏更有趣。
Computer games are great fun and I still play them sometimes. New technology is making more amazing things possible. I've learnt that some games can even teach us to train our brains to solve problems. However, games can also be addictive, so balance is important for a healthy lifestyle. We can spoil good things by doing them too much. Now I enjoy playing games even more because I am able to maintain a good balance between work and play.
电脑游戏非常有趣，我有时还是会玩。新技术让更多神奇的事情成为可能。我了解到，有些游戏甚至可以教我们训练大脑解决问题。然而，游戏也会让人上瘾，所以平衡对于健康的生活方式很重要。我们会因为做得太多而破坏了美好的事物。现在我更喜欢玩游戏，因为我能够在工作和游戏之间保持良好的平衡。
新外研选修B2U1Growing up;
In most countries, turning 18 marks the start of adulthood. But what does reaching this milestone, the age of majority, really mean? Will you be completely in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways? What new responsibilities will this freedom bring? Here, three young people tell us what turning 18 means, or meant, to them.
在大多数国家,进入18岁便意味着成年。但是到达成年这里程碑到底意味着什么呢?你将完全主宰自己的生活吗?你能够用新奇的、激动人心的方式来表达自己吗?获得这种自由又会带来什么新的责任呢?接下来,有三位年轻人会为我们讲述年满18岁对他们意味着什么,或是曾经意味了什么。
Bethany 16, Victoria, Australia
贝萨妮16岁,澳大利亚维多利亚州
I can't wait to be 18. One reason is that although I've been working ever since leaving school, I won't be voting in the next general election. Why? Because I still won't be old enough Surely, if you're old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes, you should be allowed to have a say on how the government spends them! I've also been taking driving lessons, and in fact I will be taking my driving test on the very day I turn 18. My mum worries about me being behind the wheel. As an ambulance driver, shes seen a lot of car accidents involving teenagers and thinks the legal age for getting a driving licence should be 21. But I think I'm already mature enough understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people
我简直等不及想要到18岁了。其中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工作了,但是我依然不能在下一届大选中投票。为什么?因为我依然不满18岁。但是我认为如果一个人已经工作并且交税了,那他应该对政府在支配税收方面有一定的话语权。我也一直在学习驾驶,并且我会在18岁当天就去考驾照。妈妈十分担心我开车,作为一名救护车司机,她目睹过太多涉及青少年的车祸,她认为考驾照的法定年龄应该推迟到21岁。但是我觉得自己已经足够成熟,知道开车也意味着要对自己和他人的生命负责。
Lin Ning 19. Shanghai China
林宁19岁,中国上海
I celebrated my 18th birthday just before I went to university. I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. But it wasn't like that. When I woke up the next day, there were still rules to obey and lessons to attend. In fact. the change has been more subtle and gradual than I imagined. Instead of being the selfish teenager I used to be, I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility. To give an example, I will be signing an organ donation agreement this time tomorrow. This was a big decision for me and I made it without asking my parents (although I knew they would approve). Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed me. I was really surprised when a bank contacted me with a credit card offer. Of course. I would like to have more freedom with money and no doubt I will be getting a credit card at some point, but I currently don’t have a stead income, so getting a credit card might tempt me to spend more money than I have
上大学前我刚满18岁。我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉,就好像自己关闭了童年的大门,踏进一个全新的成人世界。但是事实并非如此。第二天我醒来时,仍然有需要遵守的规则,需要参加的课程。事实上,这种变化比我想象的更微小,更平缓。相比自己之前那个自私的青少年角色,我已经开始更多地关注别人,并且去培养更强烈的社会责任感。比如说明天这个时候我将会签署器官捐赠意向书。这对我来说是个重大的决定,做出这个决定我并未征求父母的意见(虽然我知道他们会同意的)。满18岁后,社会对待我的方式也改变了。有家银行给我打电话让我办理信用卡的时候,我非常惊讶。虽然我想在花钱方面更为自由,而且毫无疑问我将在未来的某个时间获得一张信用卡,但是我现在还没有稳定的收入,所以现在办理的话可能会让我透支!
Morgan 20, Florida, the US
摩根20岁,美国佛罗里达州
People say that 18 marks a new chapter in our lives, and that we should become more independent. I used to believe this, but the reality for me has been very different. I assumed I'd already have a well-paid job and that I'd be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18, but how wrong I was My librarians salary means that I'll be living at home with my parents for a while longer. Because I contribute to the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive, I find it hard to save any money. I'll be starting a new job next month, however, so maybe things will get easier. I know I could get a bank loan to pay the deposit on my very own apartment, but I don’t feel ready to make that kind of commitment, and I do like my mom's cooking I guess some responsibilities are more about attitude than age
人们都说18岁意味着翻开人生的新篇章,我们应该变得更独立。我曾经也这样认为,但是事实并非如此。我以为我到18岁就能有一份新水不错的工作,能搬进自己租的公寓,我是多么异想天开呀!作为一个图书管理员,我的工资只够我继续长时间和父母住在一起。因为我要分担家庭账单,而且我的通勤费用很高,所以我发现攒钱非常困难。下个月我会开始一份新工作,也许情况能有所好转。我知道我可以通过货款来支付购买自己公寓的订金,但我还无法向银行做出这种重大的承诺,而且我真的很喜欢吃妈妈做的饭。我觉得要想负起一些责任,更多的是关乎态度,而不是年龄。
The Little Prince小王子
Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent picture in a book, called True Stories from Nature, about the primeval forest.It was a picture of a boa constrictor In the act of swallowing an animal. Here is a copy of the drawing.
我六岁的时候在一本书里看到了一张非常震撼的图。书的名字是《大自然的真实故事》，讲的是原始森林。那张图片上有一条蟒蛇正在吞掉一只动物。这是那张图的摹本:
In the book it said: ＂Boa constrictors swallow their prey whole,without chewing it. After that they are not able to move， and they sleep through the six months that they need for digestion
书上写着:“蟒蛇把猎物整个吞下，完全不咀嚼。吞下以后一蟒蛇就动不了了。消化食物需要六个月，因此蟒蛇就睡六个月。“”
I pondered deeply,then,over the adventures of the jungle. And after some work with a colored pencil I succeeded in making m first drawing. My Drawing Number One. It looked like this:
那个时候，我深深地思考着原始丛林里的奇遇。我用一支彩色铅笔，成功画出了我的第一幅画作。我的“一号画作”是这样的:
I showed my masterpiece to the grown-ups, and asked them whether the drawing frightened them
我把我的杰作给大人看，问他们有没有被我的画吓到。
But they answered: Frighten? Why should anyone be frightened by a hat?”
但他们回答:“吓到?为什么有人会被一顶帽子吓到?
My drawing was not a picture of a hat. It was a picture of a boa constrictor digesting an elephant. But since the grown-ups were not able to understand it, I made another drawing: I drew the inside of the boa constrictor, so that the grown-ups could see it clearly. They always need to have things explained. My Drawing Number Two looked like this
我画的不是帽子，而是一条正在消化一头大象的蟒蛇。但由于大人们没有看懂，我又画了一幅:我画出了蟒蛇身体的内部，这样大人就能看清楚了。所有事情都非要你跟他们解释清楚，他们才能懂。我的“二号画作”是这样的:
The grown-ups' response, this time, was to advise me to lay aside my drawings of boa constrictors. whether from the inside or the outside, and devote myself instead to geography, history arithmetic and grammar. That is why, at the age of six, I gave up what might have been a magnificent career as a painter. I had been disheartened by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two. Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves, and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them
这次，大人的回答是建议我把不管是蟒蛇内部还是外部的画都放到一边，然后转而专心学习地理、历史、算术和语法。所以，六岁的时候，我放弃了可能会十分辉煌的画家职业道路。“一号画作”和二号画作”的失败使我心灰意冷。大人从来没法自己弄慬任何事情，小孩永远要给他们解释是很辛苦的。
So then I chose another profession, and learned to pilot airplanes I have flown a little over all parts of the world: and it is true that geography has been very useful to me. At a glance I can distinguish China from Arizona. If one gets lost in the night, such knowledge is valuable
所以后来我选了另一个职业，我开始学习驾驶飞机。世界上每个地方我差不多都去过;地理对我确实很有用。我一眼就能分辨中国和亚利桑那州。如果晚上迷路了，这样的知识很有价值。
In the course of this life, I have had a great many encounters with a great many people who have been concerned with matters of consequence. I have lived a great deal among grown-ups .I have seen them intimately, close at hand. And that hasn't much improved my opinion of them.
在生命历程中，我多次遇到过很多关心大事的人。我在大人之中生活了很久。我密切地观察过他们，近在咫尺地看过。然而我对他们的看法还是没有改观。
Whenever I met one of them who seemed to me at all clear-sighted, I tried the experiment of showing him my Drawing Number One, which I have always kept. I would try to find out, so, if this was a person of true understanding. But, whoever it was, he, or she, would always say:
每一次我遇到一个看上去头脑完全清楚的大人，我都会给他看我一直带着的“一号画作”，想看看这个人是不是能真正地理解。但是，不论这个人是谁，他(她)总是会说:
＂That is a hat“
那是顶帽子。
Then I would never talk to that person about boa constrictors, or primeval forests, or stars. I would bring myself down to his level I would talk to him about bridge, and golf, and politics and neckties. And the grown-up would be greatly pleased to have met such a sensible man
然后我就不再跟那个人聊任何有关蟒蛇、原始森林或是星星的事情了。我就会把自己降低到他的层次，跟他聊桥梁、高尔夫、政治、领带。而这个大人就会很高兴能遇到这样一个明智的人
(Excerpt from The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupery)
节选自安托万・德・圣埃克苏佩里的《小王子》
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