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穷爸爸富爸爸 Poor Dad, Rich Dad
作者：罗伯特·清崎 (Robert Toru Kiyosaki) [美国]
罗伯特·清崎有两个爸爸：“穷爸爸”是他的亲生父亲，一个高学历的教育官员；“富爸爸”是他好朋友的父亲，一个高中没毕业却善于投资理财的企业家。清崎遵从“穷爸爸”为他设计的人生道路：上大学，服兵役，参加越战，走过了平凡的人生初期。直到1977年，清崎亲眼目睹一生 辛劳的“穷爸爸”失了业，“富爸爸”则成了夏威夷最富有的人之一。罗伯特·清崎毅然追寻“富爸爸”的脚步，踏入商界，从此登上了致富快车。
第一章: 富爸爸，穷爸爸
I had two fathers, a rich one and a poor one. One was highly educated and intelligent; he had a Ph. D. and completed four years of undergraduate work in less than two years. He then went on to Stanford University, the University of Chicago, and Northwestern University to do his advanced studies, all on full financial scholarships. The other father never finished the eighth grade.
我有两个爸爸，一个富，一个穷。一个受过良好的教育，聪明绝顶，拥有博士的光环，他曾经在不到两年的时间里修完了四年制的大学本科学业，随后又在斯坦福大学、芝加哥大学和西北大学进一步深造，并且在所有这些学校都拿到了全奖；与之相反的是，我的另一个爸爸连八年级都没能念完。
Both men were successful in their careers, working hard all their lives. Both earned substantial incomes. Yet one struggled financially all his life. The other would become one of the richest men in Hawaii. One died leaving tens of millions of dollars to his family, charities and his church. The other left bills to be paid.
应该说两位爸爸的事业都相当成功，而且一辈子都很勤奋，因此，两人都有着丰厚的收入。然而其中一个人终其一生都在个人财务问题的泥沼中挣扎，另一个人则成了夏威夷最富有的人之一。一个爸爸身后为教堂、慈善机构和家人留下数千万美元的巨额遗产，而另一个爸爸却只留下一些待付的账单。
Both men were strong, charismatic and influential. Both men offered me advice, but they did not advise the same things. Both men believed strongly in education but did not recommend the same course of study.
其实我的两个爸爸都是那种生性刚强、富有魅力、对他人有着非凡影响力的人。他们两个人都曾给过我许多建议，但建议的内容却总不相同；他们两人也都深信教育的力量，但向我推荐的课程却从不一样。
If I had had only one dad, I would have had to accept or reject his advice. Having two dads advising me offered me the choice of contrasting points of view; one of a rich man and one of a poor man.
如果只有一个爸爸，我就只能对他的建议简单地加以接受或者拒绝；而两个爸爸给我截然对立的建议，这在客观上使我有了对比和选择的机会。现在回想起来，这实际上是一种在富人的观念和穷人的观念之间进行的对比和选择，而这种对比和选择的结果决定了我的一生。
Instead of simply accepting or rejecting one or the other, I found myself thinking more, comparing and then choosing for myself.
由于两个父亲的观念对立，使我得不到统一的说法，我便无法简单地对这些建议予以接受或拒绝，我发现自己有了更多的思考、比较和选择。
The problem was, the rich man was not rich yet and the poor man not yet poor. Both were just starting out on their careers, and both were struggling with money and families. But they had very different points of view about the subject of money.
问题是，在给我建议的时候，富爸爸还不算富有，而穷爸爸当时也并不贫穷，两人都刚刚开始他们的事业，都在为钱和家庭而奋斗。然而，他们对于钱的理解却是如此的迥然不同。
For example, one dad would say, "The love of money is the root of all evil." The other, "The lack of money is the root of all evil."
这就好像一个爸爸会说：“贪财乃万恶之源”；而另一个爸爸却会说：“贫困才是万恶之本”。
As a young boy, having two strong fathers both influencing me was difficult. I wanted to be a good son and listen, but the two fathers did not say the same things. The contrast in their points of view, particularly where money was concerned, was so extreme that I grew curious and intrigued. I began to start thinking for long periods of time about what each was saying.
他们之中谁会成功？谁会富有？应该听谁的？当时我还只是一个小男孩，对我而言拥有两个同样富有影响力的爸爸可不是一件好应付的事。我想成为一个听话的好孩子，但两个爸爸却说着完全不同的话，他们的观点是如此相修，尤其在涉及到金钱的问题上更是如此，这令我既好奇又迷惑，我不得不花很多时间对他们的话进行思考。
Much of my private time was spent reflecting, asking myself questions such as, "Why does he say that?" and then asking the same question of the other dad's statement. It would have been much easier to simply say, "Yeah, he's right. I agree with that." Or to simply reject the point of view by saying, "The old man doesn't know what he's talking about." Instead, having two dads whom I loved forced me to think and ultimately choose a way of thinking for myself. As a process, choosing for myself turned out to be much more valuable in the long run, rather than simply accepting or rejecting a single point of view.
我用了很多的时间，问自己诸如“他为什么会那样说”之类的问题，然后又对另一个爸爸的话提出同样的疑问。如果不经过自己的思考就简单地说：“噢，他是对的，我同意”，或是拒绝说：“这个老爸不知道自己在说些什么”，我想那会容易得多。然而，这两个我所爱的观点不同的爸爸却迫使我对每一个有分歧的问题进行思考，并最终形成自己的想法。这一过程，即自己去思考和选取而不是简单地全盘接受或全盘否定的过程，在后来的漫长岁月中被证明对我是非常有益的。
One of the reasons the rich get richer, the poor get poorer, and the middle class struggles in debt is because the subject of money is taught at home, not in school. Most of us learn about money from our parents. So what can a poor parent tell their child about money? They simply say "Stay in school and study hard." The child may graduate with excellent grades but with a poor person's financial programming and mind-set. It was learned while the child was young.
我逐渐意识到富人之所以越来越富，穷人之所以越来越穷，中产阶级之所以总是在债务泥潭中挣扎，其主要原因之一在于他们对金钱的观念不是来自学校，而是来自家庭。我们中的绝大多数人是从父母那里了解钱是怎么回事的。一对贫困的父母在培养孩子的理财观念时，只会说：“在学校里要好好学习喔”。结果，他们的孩子可能会以优异的成绩毕业，但同时也秉承了贫穷父母的理财方式和思维观念——要知道，由于家长的灌输，这些观念在孩子很小的时候就已经开始形成了。
Money is not taught in schools. Schools focus on scholastic and professional skills, but not on financial skills. This explains how smart bankers, doctors and accountants who earned excellent grades in school may still struggle financially all of their lives. Our staggering national debt is due in large part to highly educated politicians and government officials making financial decisions with little or no training on the subject of money.
据我所知，迄今为止，在美国的学校里仍没有真正开设有关“金钱”的基础课程。学校教育只专注于学术知识和专业技能的教育和培养，却忽视了理财技能的培训。这也解释了为何众多精明的银行家、医生和会计师们在学校时成绩优异，可一辈子还是要为财务问题伤神；国家岌岌可危的债务问题在很大程度上也应归因于那些作出财务决策的政治家和政府官员们，他们中有些人虽然受过高等教育，但却很少甚至几乎没有接受过财务方面的必要培训。
I often look ahead to the new millennium and wonder what will happen when we have millions of people who will need financial and medical assistance. They will be dependent on their families or the government for financial support. What will happen when Medicare and Social Security run out of money? How will a nation survive if teaching children about money continues to be left to parents -- most of whom will be, or already are, poor?
我常常在想，当我们的社会有成百万的人需要医疗救助时该怎么办？当然，家人和政府会救济他们。可是，当医疗基金和社会保障基金用尽时又该怎么办？这并非是把人忧天，如果我们继续把教子理财的重任交给那些由于自身缺乏财务知识，正濒于贫困边线或已陷入贫困境地的父母的话，很难想像仅靠家人和社会的救济能够根治他们的“穷”病，实现整个社会的富裕。
Because I had two influential fathers, I learned from both of them. I had to think about each dad's advice, and in doing so, I gained valuable insight into the power and effect of one's thoughts on one's life. For example, one dad had a habit of saying, "I can't afford it." The other dad forbade those words to be used. He insisted I say, "How can I afford it?" One is a statement, and the other is a question. One lets you off the hook, and the other forces you to think. My soon-to-be-rich dad would explain that by automatically saying the words "I can't afford it," your brain stops working. By asking the question "How can I afford it?" your brain is put to work. He did not mean buy everything you wanted. He was fanatical about exercising your mind, the most powerful computer in the world. "My brain gets stronger every day because I exercise it. The stronger it gets, the more money I can make." He believed that automatically saying "I can't afford it" was a sign of mental laziness.
由于我有两个对我有影响力且可以向其学习的爸爸，迫使我不得不去思考每个爸爸的意见，由此，我认识到一个人的观念对其一生的巨大影响力。例如，一个爸爸爱说“我可付不起”这样的话，而另一个爸爸则禁止用这类话，他会说：“我怎样才能付得起呢？”这两句话，一个是陈述句，另一个是疑问句，一个让你放弃，而另一个则促使你去想办法。那很快就致富的爸爸解释道，说“我付不起”这种话会阻止你去开动脑筋想办法；而问“怎样才能付得起”则开动了你的大脑。当然，这并不意味着人们必须去买每一件你想要的东西，这里只是强调要不停地锻炼你的思维——实际上人的大脑是世界上最棒的“计算机”。富爸爸时常说：“脑袋越用越活，脑袋越活，挣钱就越多”。在他看来，轻易就说“我负担不起”这类话是一种精神上的懒惰。
Although both dads worked hard, I noticed that one dad had a habit of putting his brain to sleep when it came to money matters, and the other had a habit of exercising his brain. The long-term result was that one dad grew stronger financially and the other grew weaker. It is not much different from a person who goes to the gym to exercise on a regular basis versus someone who sits on the couch watching television. Proper physical exercise increases your chances for health, and proper mental exercise increases your chances for wealth. Laziness decreases both health and wealth.
虽然两个爸爸工作都很努力，但我注意到，当遇到钱的问题时，一个爸爸总会去想办法解决，而另一个爸爸则习惯于顺其自然。长期下来，一个爸爸的理财能力更强了，而另一个的理财能力则越来越弱。我想这种结果类似于一个经常去健身房锻炼的人与一个总是坐在沙发上看电视的人在体质上的变化。经常性的体育锻炼可以强身健体，同样地，经常性的头脑运动可以增加你获得财富的机会。懒惰必定会使你的体质变弱、财富减少。
My two dads had opposing attitudes in thought. One dad thought that the rich should pay more in taxes to take care of those less fortunate. The other said, "Taxes punish those who produce and reward those who don't produce."
就像我前面所说的，我的两个爸爸存在着很多观念上的差异。一个爸爸认为富人应该缴更多的税去照顾那些比较不幸的人；另一个爸爸则说：“税是惩勤奖懒”。
One dad recommended, "Study hard so you can find a good company to work for." The other recommended, "Study hard so you can find a good company to buy."
一个爸爸说：“努力学习能去好公司工作”；而另一个则会说：“努力学习能发现并将有能力收购好公司”。
One dad said, "The reason I'm not rich is because I have you kids." The other said, "The reason I must be rich is because I have you kids."
一个说：“我不富的原因是我有孩子”；另一个则说：“我必须富的原因是我有孩子”。
One encouraged talking about money and business at the dinner, table. The other forbade the subject of money to be discussed over a meal.
一个禁止在晚饭桌上谈论钱和生意，另一个则鼓励在吃饭时谈论这些话题。
One said, "When it comes to money, play it safe, don't take risks." The other said, "Learn to manage risk."
一个说：“挣钱的时候要小心，别去冒险”；另一个则说：“要学会管理风险”。
One believed, "Our home is our largest investment and our greatest asset." The other believed, "My house is a liability, and if your house is your largest investment, you're in trouble."
一个相信“我们家的房子是我们最大的投资和资产”，另一个则相信“我们家的房子是负债，如果你的房子是你最大的投资，你就有麻烦了”。
Both dads paid their bills on time, yet one paid his bills first while the other paid his bills last.
两个爸爸都会准时付账，但不同的是：一个在期初支付，另一个则在期未支付。
One dad believed in a company or the government taking care of you and your needs. He was always concerned about pay raises, retirement plans, medical benefits, sick leave, vacation days and other perks. He was impressed with two of his uncles who joined the military and earned a retirement and entitlement package for life after twenty years of active service. He loved the idea of medical benefits and PX privileges the military provided its retirees. He also loved the tenure system available through the university. The idea of job protection for life and job benefits seemed more important, at times, than the job. He would often say, "I've worked hard for the government, and I'm entitled to these benefits."
一个爸爸相信政府会关心你、满足你的要求。他总是很关心加薪、退休政策、医疗补贴、病假、工薪假期以及其他额外津贴这类的事情。他的两个参了军并在20年后获得了退休和社会保障金的叔叔给他留下了深刻的印象。他很喜欢军队向退役人员发放医疗补贴和开办福利社的做法，也很喜欢通过大学教育继而获得稳定职业的人生程序。对他而言，劳动保护和职位补贴有时看来比职业本身更为重要。他经常说：“我辛辛苦苦为政府工作，我有权享受这些待遇”。
The other believed in total financial self-reliance. He spoke out against the "entitlement" mentality and how it was creating weak and financially needy people. He was emphatic about being financially competent.
另一个爸爸则信奉完全的经济自立，他反对这种“理所应当”的心理，并且认为正是这种心理造就了一批虚弱的、经济上依赖于他人的人。他提倡竞争。
One dad struggled to save a few dollars. The other simply created investments.
一个爸爸努力存钱，而另一个不断地投资。
One dad taught me how to write an impressive resume so I could find a good job. The other taught me how to write strong business and financial plans so I could create jobs.
一个爸爸教我怎样去写一份出色的简历以便找到一份好工作；另一个则教我写下雄心勃勃的事业规划和财务计划，进而创造创业的机会。
Being a product of two strong dads allowed me the luxury of observing the effects different thoughts have on one's life. I noticed that people really do shape their life through their thoughts.
作为两个强有力的爸爸的塑造品，我有幸观察到不同观念是怎样影响一个人的一生的，我发现人们的确是在以他们的思想塑造他们的生活道路。
For example, my poor dad always said, "I'll never be rich." And that prophesy became reality. My rich dad, on the other hand, always referred to himself as rich. He would say things like, "I'm a rich man, and rich people don't do this." Even when he was flat broke after a major financial setback, he continued to refer to himself as a rich man. He would cover himself by saying, "There is a difference between being poor and being broke. -- Broke is temporary, and poor is eternal."
例如，穷爸爸总是说：“我从不富有”，于是这句话就变成了事实。富有的爸爸则总是把自己说成是一个富人。他拒绝某事时会这样说：“我是一个富人，而富人从不这么做”，甚至当一次严重的挫折使他破产后，他仍然把自己当作是富人。他会这样鼓励自己：“穷人和破产者之间的区别是：破产是暂时的，而贫穷是永久的。”
My poor dad would also say, "I'm not interested in money," or "Money doesn't matter." My rich dad always said, "Money is power."
我的穷爸爸会说：“我对钱不感兴趣”或“钱对我来说不重要”，富爸爸则说：“金钱就是力量”。
The power of our thoughts may never be measured or appreciated, but it became obvious to me as a young boy to be aware of my thoughts and how I expressed myself. I noticed that my poor dad was poor not because of the amount of money he earned, which was significant, but because of his thoughts and actions. As a young boy, having two fathers, I became acutely aware of being careful which thoughts I chose to adopt as my own. Whom should I listen to -- my rich dad or my poor dad?
尽管思想的力量从不能被测量或评估，但当我还是一个小男孩时，我已经开始明确地关注我的思想以及我的自我表述了。我注意到穷爸爸之所以穷不在于他挣到的钱的多少（尽管这也很重要），而在于他的想法和行动。我必须极其小心地选择他们两位向我传递的思想并为我所用。唉，我有两个爸爸，我究竟应该听谁的话：穷爸爸还是富爸爸？
Although both men had tremendous respect for education and learning, they disagreed in what they thought was important to learn. One wanted me to study hard, earn a degree and get a good job to work for money. He wanted me to study to become a professional, an attorney or an accountant or to go to business school for my MBA. The other encouraged me to study to be rich, to understand how money works and to learn how to have it work for me. "I don't work for money!" were words he would repeat over and over, "Money works for me!"
两个爸爸都很重视教育和学习，但两人对于什么才是重要的。应该学习些什么的看法却不一致。一个爸爸希望我努力学习，获得好成绩，找个挣钱多的好工作，他希望我能够成为一名教授。律师或会计师，或者去读MBA。另一个爸爸则鼓励我学习挣钱，去了解钱的运动规律并让这种运动规律为我所用。“我不为钱工作”，这是他说了一遍又一遍的话，“钱要为我工作。”
At the age of 9, I decided to listen to and learn from my rich dad about money.
在我9岁那年，我最终决定听富爸爸的话并向他学习挣钱。
In doing so, I chose not to listen to my poor dad, even though he was the one with all the college degrees.
同时，我决定不听穷爸爸的，即使他拥有各种耀眼的大学学位。
A Lesson From Robert Frost
罗伯特。弗罗斯特的教诲
Robert Frost is my favourite poet. Although I love many of his poems, my favorite is The Road Not Taken. I use its lesson almost daily:
罗伯特。弗罗斯特是我最喜欢的诗人，虽然我喜爱他的许多诗，但最喜欢的还是下面这首“未选之路”。每当我读起这首诗，我都能从中得到某些启发：
The Road Not Taken
未选择的路
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
黄色的树林里分出两条路，
And sorry I could not travel both
可惜我不能同时去涉足，
And be one traveler, long I stood
我在那路口久久伫立，
And looked down one as far as I could
我向着一条路极目望去，
To where it bent in the undergrowth.
直到它消失在丛林深处。
Then took the other, as just as fair,
但我选了另外一条路，
And having perhaps the better claim,
它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
显得更诱人，更美丽；
Though as for that the passing there
虽然在这条小路上，
Had worn them really about the same.
很少留下旅人的足迹。
And both that morning equally lay
那天清晨落叶满地，
In leaves no step had trodden back.
两条路都未经脚印污染。
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
啊，留下一条路等改日再见！
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
但我知道路径延绵无尽头，
I doubted if I should ever come back.
恐怕我难以再回返。
I shall be telling this with a sigh
也许多少年后在某个地方，
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
我将轻声叹息将往事回顾：
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I --
一片树林里分出两条路——
I took the one less traveled by,
而我选择了人迹更少的一条，
And that has made all the difference.
从此决定了我一生的道路。
Over the years, I have often reflected upon Robert Frost's poem. Choosing not to listen to my highly educated dad's advice and attitude about money was a painful decision, but it was a decision that shaped the rest of my life.
这么多年以来，我时常回味弗罗斯特的这首诗。的确，选择不听从受过高等教育的爸爸在钱上的建议和态度是一个痛苦的决定，但这个决定塑造了我的余生。
Once I made up my mind whom to listen to, my education about money began. My rich dad taught me over a period of 30 years, until I was age 39. He stopped once he realized that I knew and fully understood what he had been trying to drum into my often thick skull.
一旦决定了听从谁，我的关于金钱的教育就正式启动了。富爸爸整整教了我30年，直到我39岁时，他意识到愚笨的我已懂得并完全理解了他一直努力向我反复讲述的东西时，他才结束了对我长达30年的教育。
Money is one form of power. But what is more powerful is financial education. Money comes and goes, but if you have the education about how money works, you gain power over it and can begin building wealth. The reason positive thinking alone does not work is because most people went to school and never learned how money works, so they spend their lives working for money.
钱是一种力量，但更有力量的是有关理财的教育。钱来了又去，但如果你了解钱是如何运转的，你就有了驾驭它的力量，并开始积累财富。光想不干的原因是绝大部分人接受学校教育后却没有掌握钱真正的运转规律，所以他们终生都在为钱而工作。
Because I was only 9 years old when I started, the lessons my rich dad taught me were simple. And when it was all said and done, there were only six main lessons, repeated over 30 years. This book is about those six lessons, put as simply as possible as my rich dad put forth those lessons to me. The lessons are not meant to be answers but guideposts. Guideposts that will assist you and your children to grow wealthier no matter what happens in a world of increasing change and uncertainty.
由于我开始金钱这门课的学习时只有9岁，因此富爸爸只教我一些简单的东西。当他把所有想教给我的东西说完做完时，总共也只有6门主要的课程，但这些课程在我的脑海中重复了30多年。本书下面的内容就是关于这6门课的介绍，其形式简单得就如同当年富爸爸教我时那样。这些课程不是最终答案而是一个向导，一个在这个不确定和飞速变化的世界中帮助你和你的孩子积累财富的向导。
Lesson #1 The Rich Don't Work for Money
第一课富人不为钱工作
Lesson #2 Why Teach Financial Literacy?
第二课 为什么要教授财务知识
Lesson #3 Mind Your own Business
第三课 关注自己的事业
Lesson #4 The History of Taxes and the Power of Corporations
第四课 税收的历史和公司的力量
Lesson #5 The Rich Invent Money
第五课 富人的投资
Lesson #6 Work to Learn Don't Work for Money
第六课 不要为金钱而工作
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